I set up an *arr stack and made it work, and now I’m trying to make it safe - the objectivly correct order.
I installed uncomplicated firewall on the system to pretend to protect myself, and opened ports as and when I needed them.
So I’m in mind to fix my firewall rules and my question is this: Given there’s a more sensible ufw rule set what is it, I have looked online I couldn’t find any answers? Either “limit 8080”, “limit 9696”, “limit …” etc. or “open”. Or " allow 192.168.0.0/16" would I have to allow my docker’s subnet as well?
To head off any “why didn’t you <brilliant idea>?” it’s because I’m dumb. Cheers in advance.
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What’s your actual end goal? What are you trying to protect against? Do you only want certain systems on your network to be able to access your apps? There’s not really much of a point of a firewall if you’re just going to open up the ports to the whole network.
If you want it to be more secure then I’d close all the ports except for 22 (SSH) and 443 (HTTPS), stick a reverse proxy in front of everything (like Nginx Caddy, Traefik, etc), and use Authentik for authentication, with two-factor authentication enabled. Get a TLS certificate using Let’s Encrypt and a DNS challenge. You have to use a real domain name for your server, but the server does not have to be publicly accessible - Let’s Encrypt works for local servers too.
The LinuxServer project has a Docker image called “SWAG” that has Nginx with a bunch of reverse proxy configs for a bunch of common apps. Might be a decent way to go. The reverse proxy should be on the same Docker network as the other containers, so that it can access them directly even though you won’t be exposing their ports any more.
Authentik will give you access controls (eg to only allow particular users to access particular apps), access logs for whenever someone logs in to an app, and two-factor auth for everything. It uses OIDC/OAuth2 or SAML, or its own reverse proxy for apps that don’t support proper auth.
Just trying to keep outside/malicious actors from entering my stuff while also bring able to use my stuff. More safer is more better, but I’m trying to balance that against my poor technical ability.
My priority list is free>easy>usable>safe. Using UFW seemed to fit, but you’re right, punching holes in it defeats the purpose Which is why I wanted to only allow local network and have only the necessary ports open. You have given me lots of terms to Google as a jumping off point so thank you.
VPN back into your network. Only open the VPN port on your router. Use certificates based VPN.
The guy above you gives great advice. Set up SWAG, then the only ports you’re exposing are 443.
Once you have that set up, look at adding something like authelia. This will give you 2FA on top of those apps meaning even if someone guesses the password and the URL to access them, they still won’t be able to.
adding something like authelia.
I used to use Authelia, but Authentik is nicer since it’s mostly configured through a web UI. It also supports SAML for services that don’t support OpenID Connect. It also has a proxy mode like Authelia, but that’s not recommended if the service has proper SSO support. There’s just a bit of an initial learning curve.
Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I’ve seen in this thread:
Fewer Letters More Letters DNS Domain Name Service/System HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the Web HTTPS HTTP over SSL IP Internet Protocol NAT Network Address Translation SSH Secure Shell for remote terminal access SSL Secure Sockets Layer, for transparent encryption SSO Single Sign-On TLS Transport Layer Security, supersedes SSL VPN Virtual Private Network VPS Virtual Private Server (opposed to shared hosting)
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Is your system running behind a ISP router / selfhosted at home or a VPS at some provider?
ISP modem. I have a pi3 running pihole-dhcp-unbound, ufw and log2ram.
My system is a pi4 running *arrs, qBit, fail2ban, portainer in docker and ufw for now. Use case is: via mobile phone access *arrs, let them do their things and manually play files via hdmi or move files via thumbdrive. I was thinking giving up the phone access to put them on their own network, but subnets are beyond my ken for now.
Hoping to increment my security, and then the system as my skills develop.
Edit, qBit and prowlarr are behind gluetun set up for mullvard. I’m in the UK so had to put the indexer behind a VPN. UFW
Im bit confused tbh. Have you even forwarded any ports on your ISP router?
You are safe if you havent. You can use all arrs at home safely and stick with gluetun to hide your trafic from ISP. Its good to have firewall, but only people on your home network can access your server. You have opened only ports that you need in UFW and thats perfect.
In case you want to access your services when not at home, you have to deal with security and feels like most comments are about this. If this is what you are looking for then I would suggest setting up wireguard VPN or look into tailscale (or alternatives). Both options are safe enough IMO, much safer than exposing ports 80 and 443
ISP modem.
Is it running as bridge? Do you get a public IP on your Pi or is it a NAT?
I don’t know, what’s more I don’t know how to check.Which ever most likely?
ISP plastic box didn’t allow custom DNS, I disabled DHCP and IPv6. On pihole I enabled DHCP with IPv6 disabled.
I know, I know enough to be dangerous now, and I’m trying to get the system through my dangerous phase. I don’t think I know enough to ask intelligent questions yet…
I disabled DHCP and IPv6
Why, though?
When it was active I was getting ads. I disabled the pi-hole registered an increase in traffic and there were no more ads. I don’t know why. It’s working as it is and I’ll tinker when I know more.
Did you care to understand why at least? @farcaller@fstab.sh @Fedegenerate@lemmynsfw.com the reason you were getting more ads was simple. If the ISP router was running DHCP and IPv6 then te the devices connected to the network got their IP addresses from the ISP router and it would also provide ISP DNS servers (or router IP) completely bypassing your pi-hole.
Ah, I knew it was bypassing the pi-hole, I thought it was IPv6. I think I made the mistake of changing more than one thing at once, what I did worked and I moved on to the next functionality I was chasing. I’ll try enabling IPv6 on the pihole, I know at least if I get Ads with it on its not IPv6.
