Mostly it’s the lack of competition.
On one hand, regulators allowed big companies to become monopolies, so we don’t have a choice. Imagine if instagram and whatsapp were not part of facebook, how different social media would be? Or if bumble and hinge were competing with tinder, not just all being a part of match.com.
And on the other hand, we have examples like the console “war”, where Xbox messed up this generation so hard, that Sony now can do whatever they want.
Saudi progress has been just PR, eg. Black Panther in cinema, women driving. Then they chop up a journalist in Turkey, ooops.
MBS is a dictator, and his country is a shithole in the desert.